full transcript

From the Ted Talk by Ben Longdon: How do viruses jump from animals to humans?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species. Human flu viruses are covered in proteins adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells. Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional anpoadiatts to hijack the host cell’s reproductive machinery and reaclitpe its own genetic material. Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the host’s immune system long enough to replicate to sufficient leevls and infect more clles. At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next vciitm via any transmission of infected blodiy fluid.

Open Cloze

viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species. Human flu viruses are covered in proteins adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells. Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional ___________ to hijack the host cell’s reproductive machinery and _________ its own genetic material. Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the host’s immune system long enough to replicate to sufficient ______ and infect more _____. At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next ______ via any transmission of infected ______ fluid.

Solution

  1. levels
  2. replicate
  3. adaptations
  4. victim
  5. cells
  6. bodily

Original Text

viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species. Human flu viruses are covered in proteins adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells. Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional adaptations to hijack the host cell’s reproductive machinery and replicate its own genetic material. Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the host’s immune system long enough to replicate to sufficient levels and infect more cells. At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next victim via any transmission of infected bodily fluid.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation frequency
virus adapted 3
immune response 2
host jump 2

Important Words

  1. adaptations
  2. adapted
  3. additional
  4. bind
  5. bodily
  6. cell
  7. cells
  8. covered
  9. employs
  10. evade
  11. evolved
  12. flu
  13. fluid
  14. genetic
  15. hijack
  16. host
  17. human
  18. immune
  19. infect
  20. infected
  21. interactions
  22. levels
  23. long
  24. machinery
  25. matching
  26. material
  27. passed
  28. point
  29. proteins
  30. receptors
  31. replicate
  32. reproductive
  33. respiratory
  34. species
  35. specific
  36. sufficient
  37. suppress
  38. system
  39. transmission
  40. victim
  41. virus
  42. viruses