full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Ben Longdon: How do viruses jump from animals to humans?
Unscramble the Blue Letters
viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species. Human flu viruses are covered in proteins adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells. Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional anpoadiatts to hijack the host cell’s reproductive machinery and reaclitpe its own genetic material. Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the host’s immune system long enough to replicate to sufficient leevls and infect more clles. At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next vciitm via any transmission of infected blodiy fluid.
Open Cloze
viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species. Human flu viruses are covered in proteins adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells. Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional ___________ to hijack the host cell’s reproductive machinery and _________ its own genetic material. Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the host’s immune system long enough to replicate to sufficient ______ and infect more _____. At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next ______ via any transmission of infected ______ fluid.
Solution
- levels
- replicate
- adaptations
- victim
- cells
- bodily
Original Text
viruses have evolved specific interactions with their host species. Human flu viruses are covered in proteins adapted to bind with matching receptors on human respiratory cells. Once inside a cell, the virus employs additional adaptations to hijack the host cell’s reproductive machinery and replicate its own genetic material. Now the virus only needs to suppress or evade the host’s immune system long enough to replicate to sufficient levels and infect more cells. At this point, the flu can be passed on to its next victim via any transmission of infected bodily fluid.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
ngrams of length 2
collocation |
frequency |
virus adapted |
3 |
immune response |
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host jump |
2 |
Important Words
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- machinery
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- passed
- point
- proteins
- receptors
- replicate
- reproductive
- respiratory
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- specific
- sufficient
- suppress
- system
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- victim
- virus
- viruses